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An outline is very useful because its growth represents the semantics (usually tacit or not well articulated) of the user. It can provide more "semantic channels", as I call them, than cards and intercard links do, so it complements them.
I don't mean to be rude, but the methodological question remains unanswered. I lack the patience to do more than clean up my Zettel template at this point.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
Zettelkasten as a death trap for ideas? That's dark. :-)
I think that philosophical distinctions help clarify the goals of your system.
For example, if you believe that knowledge is made of discrete knowledge building blocks, then you might want to have notes that are discrete as well.
If you believe that ideas are independent of sources and should be made "your own", then you might optimize for a writing style that decontextualizes ideas and makes sense to you personally.
If you value social epistemology, then you might want to have notes that reflect social context and that clearly distinguish between own thoughts and other people's thoughts. You might want to optimize your language for compatibility with other people.
However, these distinctions shouldn't matter much, if your Zettelkasten is just a final resting ground for old ideas. :-)
I'm surprised when I rediscover notes that I had forgotten about. I'm surprised when I approach old notes with new questions, because I see them differently. I'm sometimes surprised by random findings that feel serendipitous.
On the other hand, "surprise" might be the wrong word. I have a Zetttelkasten, because I want it to produce such "surprises". I want a tool that resurfaces forgotten content and that allows me to looks at collected content with a different perspective. There's nothing mystical about it. :-)
That's right, blame the victim of his Zettelkasten.
That changes the claim. Philosophical vocabulary might inform design choices such as note granularity, decontextualization, provenance, audience, but that isn't evidence that those choices improve what enters the system or what comes out.
Even if knowledge consisted of discrete building blocks, it would not follow that notes should. Decontextualizing an idea may make it feel like one's own while destroying provenance. Distinguishing my thoughts from other people's thoughts is useful, but attribution and provenance do not require social epistemology
More victim blaming! The final resting ground is the observed outcome. Maybe Ahrens shouldn't have called his Zettels permanent notes.
I don't doubt the report. Rediscovering a forgotten note is retrieval; approaching it with a new question is reinterpretation. What remains unidentified is the contribution of the Zettelkasten over full-text search, an ordinary archive, or a simpler note system. Roach motels have their surprises.
Here is what I mean by a benchmark. Freeze the system under test at a named repository commit and record its behaviorally relevant configuration. For each claim, specify:
Under task $(T)$, feature $(X)$ improves outcome $(Y)$ over baseline $(B)$, and result $(R)$ would count against the claim.
The repository should separate the system specification from the experiments:
BENCHMARK.md docs/ SYSTEM.md OBSIDIAN.md ZOTERO.md PANDOC-LATEX.md SESSION-PROTOCOL.md config/ system-profile.yaml benchmark/ claims.yaml retrieval/ tasks/ results/ thread-resumption/ tasks/ results/ citation-export/ tasks/ results/ structural-reliability/ tasks/ results/For example:
Reports of surprise and serendipity identify phenomena that might be tested. They do not yet identify what caused them, whether a simpler system would perform as well, or what result would count against the explanation.
But first I need to restore the self-documenting Zettel template in the GitHub repository.
UPDATE: The benchmark also requires a session protocol. In my case, every work session begins by starting Obsidian and Zotero. The protocol should specify when timing begins, whether startup and indexing time count, which applications and plugins are available, and when the system is considered ready for the task. This belongs in
docs/SESSION-PROTOCOL.mdGitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
A plan like this is likely to fail, because the effects to be measured are usually very contingent and dependent on the practitioner and his state of mind at some particular moment. That's why I cast my levels as "levels of thinking support" rather than as e.g., practices or guarantees - what features are likely to support a person hoping for these kinds of results. Luhmann knew this contingent aspect very well:
I'm not saying that some kind of measurement or test is inherently impossible, just that it can't be done the way you are suggesting. One might as well try to compare two dating apps by asking which one leads to more cases of true love. If you could figure out how to measure the incidence of true love, even then you would need a great number of cases to get statistically reliable results, except that the statistics would be questionable because the people involved are not going to be drawn from a homogeneous population. And after working through all that you might realize that what counts most is true love that lasts for a long time, say at least ten years, and how are you going to measure that?
You say measurement is not inherently impossible, only that it cannot be done the way I suggest. What do you propose instead? What comparison would preserve the contingencies you describe while still allowing the claim to fail?
I agree that practitioner–system interactions and momentary state matter. That changes the design and limits the inference; it does not eliminate the possibility of comparison. “Accidental” is not a synonym for “unmeasurable,” and heterogeneity is a design problem rather than a dispensation from testing.
I am not proposing to measure “true love.” A benchmark can test narrower claims under specified conditions: retrieval, thread resumption, production of a useful connection, or completion of a draft. Then the question is whether this is interesting. The benchmark need not determine whether some dating app produces true love; it can begin by asking whether it gets a second date [eww gross!].
If “supports expansion or emergence” means only that something may occur for some receptive practitioner in some unspecified state at some accidental moment, then it is not a testable claim. I do not know what observation would count against it, or what distinguishes the claimed support from ordinary association and chance.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
In case you're joking: I enjoy a dark sense of humor. :-)
In case you're not: I'm curious how much agency you attribute to your zettelkasten.
The claim didn't make much sense to me. How can anyone provide "evidence that philosophical distinctions improve what enters the system or what comes out", when "improve" and "system" are so undefined?
Yes.
Yes. For example, you can easily give credit in a footnote, if that's enough for your purposes.
Are you serious about turning this into a blame game?
Yes.
This is an example where I'd find a personal attribution helpful. Whose claim do you have in mind? And what are those claims exactly?
I tend to discard them after a while. Why keep dead bugs around? :-)
How would you describe these phenomena, so that they can be tested?
Yes.
Yes. But who claimed that they are more than just anecdotes?
The last reply missed the methodological point. Once the system is said to “support” expansion or emergence, the question is what distinguishes that support from ordinary search, association, or chance—not whether anecdotes are permissible. Some benchmark or comparison is therefore needed. I proposed one, to be developed after I restore my self-documenting Zettel, but the reply ignored it. I don’t think rereading the exchange will help.
I will restore the self-documenting Zettel in my GitHub and leave it at that.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
Your reply ignored my questions. :-) But I don't mind adding a few words.
That's a good question. But in order to make such a comparison you need to define what exactly you are comparing. Each of the terms is vague at best. What do you mean by "ordinary search"? What hypothesis about "emergence" are you testing?
Yes. And there lies the problem. How do you define such a benchmark? And what are the evaluation criteria?
It does. :-) Let me go through the elements of your proposal:
What exactly is a "behaviorally relevant configuration"? Whose behavior do you have in mind—the system's? And what exactly do you include in that "system"? Is it just a bunch of files on a server? They don't behave unless someone interacts with them. So do you also include the user? If you want to examine user behavior, what behaviors specifically are of interest to you? Is that behavior independent of a particular person? Would another person interact with the same zettelkasten in the same way?
How would you know that outcome "improves"?
So many vague and subjective terms. What is "research"? When does it become "dormant"? What makes notes "useful"?
If you wanted to demonstrate how difficult such a benchmark would be, then you succeeded. :-)
I have a much simpler take on this. The burden of proof lies with the person who makes the claim. And the bolder a claim gets, the more Iikely I will quote Carl Sagan: "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence". So if someone claims phenomena like emergence, they better have some evidence. From this point of view it matters, if anecdotes are permissible as evidence.
The burden of proof is one of the reasons why I prefer to say "Alice claims" instead of "something is said to".
So if you claim that it is possible to run benchmarks with a zettelkasten, then the burden of proof lies with you. Good luck. :-)
Agreed. Let Alice claim that a Zettelkasten “supports” expansion or emergence. Alice must define the claim, provide evidence, and say what would count against it.
Then no system-level claim has been established. If these are merely autobiographical reports, there is nothing for me to disprove. If they are offered as evidence of what a Zettelkasten supports, Alice bears the burden.
Please identify where I made that claim. What I said was conditional: if claims about Zettelkasten-specific effects are to amount to more than anecdotes, some benchmark or comparison is necessary. I said I would work on a benchmark after restoring my self-documenting Zettel; I did not claim that a satisfactory benchmark had been shown possible.†
Your questions show that operational definitions are needed. They do not show that comparison is impossible. If you mean only that a benchmark needs definitions, I agree. If you mean that no benchmark is possible, that is your claim to support. Moreover, if “supports,” “expansion,” and “emergence” are too vague to benchmark, they are too vague to sustain the original claim.
Proposing a test does not transfer Alice’s burden to the person asking how her claim could be tested. Good luck. :-)
†. I then exited the discussion. I no longer think the benchmark is worth pursuing here.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
The claim that philosophical distinctions improve Zettelkasten practice appears to be more than autobiographical. By your own standard, Alice must define the claimed improvement, provide evidence, and say what would count against it. “They have helped me” is an anecdote. Extraordinary evidence may be unnecessary, but some evidence beyond that anecdote would be useful.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
Same here. :-) I also phrased it conditionally: "(…) if you claim that it is possible to run benchmarks with a zettelkasten, then the burden of proof lies with you."
Yes.
I can't imagine how such comparisons would work in practice, but I wouldn't rule them out in principle. Let's say: I believe it when I see it. :-)
Yes! (Unless of course the original claim somehow provided precise enough definitions.)
Yes. Alice has the burden of proof that her claim can be tested. But Bob does have the burden of proof that his proposed test actually tests Alice's claim.
This is the argument I had in mind:
The examples were invitations to explore different paths. For example if you take the path of Analytical Philosophy it might lead you to a world where this sentence makes sense: "The atoms of atomic notes are knowledge-building blocks." If you take other paths they might lead you somewhere else.
I find our conversation interesting because of how you apply logical thinking. I'm surprised when you read something as a claim where I had a more social or explorative intention. I love this kind of surprise, because it prompts my curiosity. Thanks!
Then we agree: you have not shown that comparison is impossible. You have shown only that operational definitions would be required.
Yes. Bob bears that burden after Bob presents a test as adequate. That still does not transfer Alice’s burden to Bob. If Alice claims that a Zettelkasten supports expansion or emergence, Alice must define the claim, provide evidence, and say what would count against it.
Here can is doing the work. I do not dispute bare possibility. Almost anything can occasionally help someone think. The interesting question is whether philosophical distinctions are likely to improve Zettelkasten practice, for whom, under what conditions, and compared with what simpler alternative.
Nor does calling something a “personal knowledge management system” entail that its goals require a philosophical account of knowledge. Operational goals can be specified directly: retrieval, provenance, resumption of dormant work, error reduction, draft quality, maintenance cost.
The sentences had propositional content. If the intent was only social or exploratory, there is no need to defend an evidential claim. But that trades away support for the practical value of philosophy in Zettelkasten practice for exploration.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
The Zettel specification in https://github.com/flengyel/Zettel is done.
It now does the needed work: it defines the self-documenting note specification, distinguishes ordinary notes from the explanatory specification, leaves format mostly unspecified, reserves the index IDs, states the id/title/H1 relationship, and keeps configuration out of the README.
I trust this CC BY-SA 4.0 template has not demolished the Zettelkasten consulting business. Next, I need to audit the Zettel wiki and update the software configuration. The README is about as good as I can make it. It only took years to write.
As for the drift from “philosophical distinctions are useful in Zettelkasten practice” to impressionistic exploratory fog: the README clarifies the object under discussion.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
Correction: "leaves the
<ID>format mostly unspecified."GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
Does it?
It calls the object under discussion a "single digital Zettelkasten". But where does the README clarify what you mean by "Zettelkasten"?
You're pointing to rather foggy external resources that explore various options. But you don't specify your own methodology. For example:
These are questions where the philosophy of knowledge matters.
This is a bad-faith switch of object. The object under discussion was the self-documenting Zettel specification I said I was restoring. It is not a specification of the Platonic Zettelkasten, complete with necessary and sufficient conditions, the statement of which is likely a fool's errand.
The README does the work it was written to do: it defines the self-documenting note specification, distinguishes ordinary notes from the explanatory specification, leaves the
<ID>format mostly unspecified, reserves the index IDs, states theid/title/H1 relationship, and keeps configuration out of the README. Operational matters, definitions of terms, and examples go in the Zettel Wiki, which the README now explicitly identifies as under construction.So no, the README does not settle every Zettelkasten controversy. Why would it? A README whose purpose is to state a format is under no obligation to state a theory of Folgezettel, atomicity, question-notes, normative claims, proposition form, or Luhmann orthodoxy.
Not in this specification. This system uses WikiLinks,
SEE ALSO, and index notes. It does not require Folgezettel. If I later want a Folgezettel rule, it belongs in the Wiki or system documentation, not in the note-format README. In fact, I do not want a Folgezettel rule. The format works with or without Folgezettel, and it would be silly to impose one in a format specification.In this system, yes. The README states the convention:
title:consists of<ID>, one space, and<TITLE>, and the H1 is the<TITLE>portion. “Luhmann rarely used titles” is historically interesting; it is not an argument against this digital Markdown convention.That is a methodological design question, not a README-format question. The specification defines where body content,
SEE ALSO, and references go. It does not pretend to settle atomicity.Nothing in the specification forbids them.
No such rule appears in the README.
These questions may be useful questions for a page in the Zettel Wiki. They do not show that the README failed at its purpose, and they do not show that philosophy of knowledge is necessary. They show only that note systems have design choices.
This is exactly why operational boundaries matter. One must distinguish artifact, format, method, implementation, configuration, and evaluation. Perhaps epistemological distinctions can help here after all: not by defining knowledge in the abstract, but by preventing a switch from the self-documenting Zettel specification to the Platonic Zettelkasten.
A format specification is not defective because it refuses to become a metaphysics of Zettelkasten.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
In this note-format specification, yes. As for universal Zettelkasten norms, no claim is made.
Irrelevant to this specification.
I don't. No such justification is owed. “Luhmann rarely used titles” is not an objection to this note-format specification unless you smuggle in a normative premise I do not make: that my system must follow Luhmann’s practice. That is your presumption, not mine.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
I reject that characterization. The README states:
and
Admittedly, I could have phrased more precisely: the "object under discussion" is a README file; the object of the README file is a documentation of conventions; the object of those conventions is a "Zettelkasten".
What do you mean by "Platonic Zettelkasten"? Do you mean the platonic idea of Zettelkasten? I agree that chasing such an ideal is pointless. What gave you the impression I would be interested in such an ideal?
The README is obliged to deliver what it promises. In this case the conventions you chose to follow for your Zettelkasten.
Nobody asked you to state theories or settle controversies. I'm asking about your personal design choices.
Thanks!
Thanks!
I don't claim that philosophy of knowledge is necessary.
I claim that it is relevant. I claim that philosophy of knowledge helps better understand methodological problems, explore a wider range of options and find better justifications for your design choices.
Yes. And it's precisely those choices that I expected to find in a README that promises to document someone's individual conventions. :-)
We agree on the operational boundaries.
That's why I'm asking what you mean by "zettel" and "zettelkasten" in the context of your README. How do you define those terms?
You made the switch yourself by introducing a "Platonic Zettelkasten" in this discussion, when I explicitly asked about your own methodology. :-)
I agree. However, you created a dependency on discussions about the "metaphysics of Zettelkasten" by linking external discussions instead of simply providing your own definitions.
I'd like to hear from people who think that is possible to specify "the Platonic Zettelkasten". But this might be a topic for a separate thread.
It does. The README specifies the Markdown note format used in my digital Zettelkasten. That is what it promises.
See the README.
That is your project, not mine. I am not soliciting “better justifications” for my design choices.
No. Background links are not dependencies. They do not determine the Markdown format, the YAML front matter, the
id/title/H1 relationship, the reserved index IDs,SEE ALSO,References, WikiLinks, hashtags, or citations.If a promised note-format convention is missing, identify it. Otherwise there is no README objection.
GitHub. Erdős #2. I returned to my cubicle, and saw under fluorescent light that the rat race is not to the swift, nor the memo to the wise, neither yet an increment to the meritorious, nor yet favour to men of skill; but payroll and chance happeneth to them all. — Ecclesiastes 9:11 CC BY-SA 4.0.
Thanks for updating the README. Now I find the scope much better defined.